Floyd County in Northwest Georgia, Southeastern United States, Type Specimens of Crategus Spp., Hawthorns

HAWTHORNS: Type Specimens of Crategus Spp. L., Discovered from 1882-1900 in the Floyd County, Northwest Georgia, Southeastern United States by: Chauncey D. Beadle (1866-1950), Charles L. Boynton (1864-1943), Alvan W. Chapman (1809-1899), and Charles S. Sargent (1841-1927)

Crataegus georgiana Sargent, Georgia's Hawthorn

The hawthorns from Rosacae Family are small to medium sized trees and bushes with thorny branches, and occasionally they have compound thorns on the trunks. Pomes, their fruits are food to many birds and mammals, and their thorny branches are also a good nesting place for the birds. Cherokees, the Native Americans tribe and inhabitants of Northwest Georgia used extracts of some hawthorn species for medical purposes. Some species of hawthorns have been used for erosion control, and some for food consumption such as herbal teas, fruit preserves, and wines.
Many hawthorns species have flourished in the Floyd County, Georgia because of the region's karst and flatwoods terrains.
Different reproduction processes of hawthorns had resulted in the regional species' variations that have complicated identification of the hawthorns.

Image: Charles Sprague Sargent, a dendrologist, Professor of Arboriculture at Harvard, and author of “Manual Of The Trees Of North America (Exclusive of Mexico)” in 1907 photograph.

Charles Sprague Sargent (1907) photograph by A.G. Eldredge, courtesy of Arnold Arboretum Archives, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Boston, Massachusetts. © President and Fellows of Harvard College. Arnold Arboretum Archives.

In flatwoods and on slops of the sandy hills in Floyd County in Georgia the new hawthorn species where discovered and collected by Chauncey D. Beadle and Charles L. Boynton, botanists from the Biltmore Herbarium in Asheville, North Carolina, Alvan W. Chapman, a botanist from Apalachicola, Florida, and Charles S. Sargent, founder and Director of the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University. Those type specimens were:
Crataegus aemula Beadle, Rome Hawthorn,
Crataegus irancuda Beadle, Stolonbearing Hawthorn,
Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn ,
Crataegus tristis Beadle, Minute Hawthorn,
Crataegus sororia Beadle,
Crataegus chapmani (Beadle) Ashe (apom. segregate of Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik
Crataegus collina Chapman (apom. segregate of Crataegus punctata Jacq., Dotted Hawthorn),
Crataegus georgiana Sargent (apom. segregate of Crataegus pruinosa (wendl.f.) K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn),
Crataegus macra Beadle (apomictic segregate of Crataegus crus-galli L. Cockspur-Hawthorn),
Crataegus mohri Beadle (apom. segregate of Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn),
and Crataegus regalis Beadle (apomictic segregate of Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn) .

Those specimens and some later collections have been deposited at the Herbariums of: AUBURN UNIVERSITY, (AUA), Auburn, Aabama, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, (A, GH), Cambridge, Massachusetts, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, Missouri, St. Louis, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA,UNC (NCU), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, (NY), New York, New York, and UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM, (US), Washington, D.C.

ACCEPTED SPECIES
SPECIMENS: LOCATION: DATE: COLLECTOR/SPEC. ID/TYPE STATUS: HERB. BARCODE :

Crataegus aemula Beadle, Rome Hawthorn, flower; fruit Horseleg Creek, Rome 17 April 1901; 30 August 1901. Biltmore Herbarium/ B4148/?Type; B4148/2/?Type NY 418650;
NY 418649

Crataegus aemula Beadle, Rome Hawthorn, fruit Rome, Floyd County 23 September 1902. Biltmore Herbarium/ B7149=4148/3/?Type NY 418648

Crataegus aemula Beadle, Rome Hawthorn Rome, Floyd County ex Herb.Biltmore/B4148/Syntype US 00097555

Crataegus aemula Beadle, Rome Hawthorn, flower Rome, Floyd County Biltmore Herbarium/B4148/Syntype; B4148/2/Syntype HUH/(A) A18155
HUH/ (A) 18156

Crataegus irancuda Beadle, Stolonbearing Hawthorn, flower Flat woods, Rome 23 April 1901. W. W. Eggleston/B4171/Type; B4171/2/Type NY 435912
NY 435911

Crataegus iracunda Beadle, Stolonbearing Hawthorn Rome, Floyd County 1902 ex Herb.Biltmore/ B4171/2/Syntype US 00097075

Crataegus iracunda Beadle, Stolonbearing Hawthorn, fruit Rome, Floyd County 20 September 1902. Biltmore Herbarium/B7139/?Type HUH/(A) 17990

Crataegus triflora Chapman, Three- flowered Hawthorn Floyd Co., Georgia >A.W.Chapman/possible Isotype AUA 423

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn Rome, Floyd County Chapman, Alvan W./847/?Type US 00479499

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn, Banks of the Coosa River May 5, 1899. William M. Canby/n.s/Topotype NCU 576355

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn Cliffs of the Coosa River May 6, 1899. unknown/9134C/Topotype NCU 576358

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn Cliffs of the Coosa River unknown Thomas G. Harbison/ 46(?)/Topotype NCU 83596

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Three-Flower Hawthorn Black's Bluff of the Coosa River, edge of the dry stream bed October 1990 Ron Lance/n.s./Topotype NCU 558659

Crataegus tristis Beadle, Minute Hawthorn Rome, Floyd County April 1901; August 1901 ex Herb.Biltmore/B4149/Synotype; /4149/2/Synotype US 00097818 and US 00097819

Crataegus tristis Beadle, Minute Hawthorn Rome October 3, 1908. Willard W. Eggleston/4218/Topotype NCU 576357

SYNONYMS -- APOMICTIC SEGREGATES
SPECIMENS: LOCATION: DATE: COLLECTOR/SPEC. ID/TYPE STATUS: HERB. BARCODE :

( Syn.Crataegus chapmanii (Beadle) Ashe, Chapman's Hawthorn)
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik
Banks of Silver Creek, Floyd County, Georgia A. W. Chapman

Crataegus punctata Jacq., Dotted Hawthorn ( Syn.Crataegus collina Chapman) Rome, Floyd County 1882 A. W. Chapman/Lectotype HUH/ GH 00139575

Crataegus pruinosa (wendl.f.)K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn), flower, (Syn. Crataegus georgiana Sargent) Rome, Floyd County 6 May 1899. C. S. Sargent/Syntype HUH/(A) 17706

Crataegus pruinosa (wendl.f.)K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn), flower , (Syn. Crataegus georgiana Sargent ) Rome, Floyd County 22 April 1900.; 7 October 1900. C. S. Sargent/Syntype HUH/(A)17703/(A) 17704/
and HUH (A)17705

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.f.) K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn, (Syn. Crataegus georgiana Sarg.) Cliffs of the Coosa River October 10, 1908. Willard W. Eggleston/4238/Topotype; /4221/Topotype NCU 576343;
NCU 576341

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.f.) K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn, (Syn.Crataegus georgiana Sarg.) Horseleg Creek October 10, 1908. Willard W. Eggleston/4224/Topotype NCU 576348

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.f.) K.Koch, Waxyfruit Hawthorn, (Syn.Crataegus georgiana Sarg.) Rome September 22, 1910. Thomas G. Harbison/10144/Topotype NCU 77450

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus macra Beadle) Rome, Floyd County 30 April 1900. Fall W. W. Eggleston/B2250;B2250/2/Type NY 435931

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus macra Beadle) Rome, Floyd County 30 April 1900. ex Herb.Biltmore/2250/2/Syntype; 2250/Syntype US 00097611/US 00097612/ US 00097613/ US 00097614

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus mohri Beadle) Flat woods, Rome 04 May 1899. & 16 Sep. 1899. C.D.Beadle/236/Type MO 01815954

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus mohrii Beadle) Flat woods, Rome 04 May 1899.; 16 Sep. 1899. C.D. Beadle/B236/?Type NY 435938

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, flower (Syn. Crataegus mohrii Beadle) Rome, Floyd County 4 May 1899. ; 16 September 1899. ?/B236/Syntype; Biltmore Herbarium/B1215/Syntype HUH/ GH 23473/ GH 23472

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus mohrii Beadle) Flat woods, Rome, Floyd County 04 May 1899. ; 16 September 1899. ex Herb.Biltmore/B236/Syntype; B1215/Syntype US 00097626/ US 00097625

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, fruit, (Syn Crataegus regalis Beadle) Flat woods, Rome 30 April 1900. ; 16 September 1899. C.D. Beadle/2251/?Type; /1212/Type NY 431396; 431394

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus regalis Beadle) Rome, Floyd County 30 April 1900. ; 16 September 1899. ex Herb.Biltmore/B2251/Syntype; /B1212/Syntype US 00097772
US 00097771

Crataegus crus-galli L., Cockspur-Thorn, (Syn. Crataegus regalis Beadle) West Rome, Flat woods October 10, 1908 Willard W. Eggleston/4245/Topotype NCU 566807

UNDETERMINATED
SPECIMENS: LOCATION: DATE: COLLECTOR/SPEC. ID/TYPE STATUS: HERB. BARCODE :

Crataegus sororia Beadle Hills above Silver Creek, Rome 18 September 1899. C.D. Beadle/B1257/Co-type MO 01827619

Crataegus sororia Beadle, fruit Rome, Floyd County 18 September 1897 C.D.Beadle/B1257/Type HUH (A) 16234

Crataegus sororia Beadle, fruit Rome, Floyd County 18 September 1899 Biltimore Herbarium HUH (GH) 23492/ HUH (A)16233

Last updated on January 5, 2013.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
This work was possible with the help of Carol A. McCormick, Assistant Curator for University of North Carolina Herbarium who provided me in 2004 with the NCU Herbarium's data for Floyd County, Georgia.
Lisa E. Pearson, Library Assistant at Arnold Arboretum Library, Harvard University donated scan of Charles S. Sargent’s photograph in 2009, and Brian Franzone, a Curatorial Assistant at the Harvard University Herbaria forwarded Crataegus collina Chapman, an image from Harvard’s collection in 2012.

REFERENCES:
1. Arnold Arboretum Library, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Boston, Massachusetts (http://www.arboretum.harvard.edu/library/library.html)
2. Auburn University Herbarium ( http://www.auburn.edu/herbarium/), Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
3. Harvard University Herbaria (http://www.huh.harvard.edu/ ), Cambridge, 22 Divinity Avenue, Massachusetts 02138, USA
4. University of North Carolina Herbarium: (http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/). University of North Carolina Herbarium, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
5. The New York Botanical Garden Vascular Plant Types Catalog: (http://www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/vasc/ ). New York Botanical Garden, 200th Street and Kazimiroff Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458
6. Missouri Botanical Garden's VAST: (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html). Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110
8. U.S. National Herbarium, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History ( http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/)., Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, D.C.20560
9. Photograph by A.G. Eldredge (1907.) 10. USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS National Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

INTRODUCTION: PLANT COLLECTIONS FROM FLOYD COUNTY
FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA TYPE SPECIMENS (1871-1902)
FLATWOODS: FLOYD COUNTY LIST OF PLANTS (1872, 1881, & 1891)
PLANT EXPLORERS IN FLOYD COUNTY (1540-2006) OTHER SPECIMENS (1869-1970's)
A.W. CHAPMAN WOODY SPECIMENS (1977)

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